Explore the magnificent terrain of the Indian subcontinent — from the majestic Himalayan peaks reaching 8,611 metres to the vast coastal plains at sea level. A comprehensive study of India's diverse physiographic features.
India occupies a prominent position in South Asia, extending across a vast expanse of the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres. The nation's geographic coordinates define its unique position on the global stage.
India lies entirely within the Northern Hemisphere (north of the Equator) and Eastern Hemisphere (east of Prime Meridian), providing climatically advantageous positioning.
The territorial expanse of India covers a substantial portion of South Asia, with near-equal north-south and east-west measurements giving it a roughly quadrilateral shape.
India represents a significant portion of Earth's landmass, commanding important positions geographically and geopolitically with extensive maritime boundaries.
Despite spanning ~30° longitude, India maintains a unified time zone (IST) for administrative convenience, based on a centrally located standard meridian.
Detailed positional data for Indian territory
The furthest geographical points defining India's territorial boundaries in each cardinal direction.
Siachen Glacier, Ladakh
Great Nicobar Island
Arunachal Pradesh
Kutch, Gujarat
The Tropic of Cancer traverses through the heart of India, dividing the nation into tropical and subtropical climatic zones. This latitude marks where the Sun appears directly overhead during summer solstice.
Geographic Significance: The Tropic of Cancer at 23°30'N latitude divides India into two distinct climatic zones. Areas north experience four seasons, while southern regions have tropical climate with less seasonal variation.
From West to East across India
India shares its terrestrial and maritime boundaries with nine sovereign nations, maintaining one of the most extensive border systems globally.
India's borders span diverse terrains — from the frozen glacial heights of Siachen to tropical coastal waters separating it from Sri Lanka. The nation shares land borders with seven countries totalling 15,106 km, and maritime borders with two countries across the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.
The Indian subcontinent exhibits extraordinary topographic diversity, from the world's highest mountain peaks to extensive coastal plains.
Interactive colour-coded physiographic representation